Further, the coastal region of Southern India ( Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu) which most interacted with Indonesian islands has had an intricate, leather-based puppet art called tholu bommalata, which shares many elements with wayang. Puppet arts and dramatic plays have been documented in ancient Indian texts, dated to the last centuries of the 1st millennium BCE and the early centuries of the common era. Indian origin: this is the generally favored theory, since Hinduism and Buddhism arrived on the Indonesian islands in the early centuries of the 1st millennium, and along with theology, the peoples of Indonesia and Indian subcontinent exchanged culture, architecture and traded goods.The origins of wayang are unclear, and three competing theories have been proposed: The earliest evidence is from the late 1st millennium CE, in medieval-era texts and archeological sites. There is no evidence that wayang existed in ancient Indonesia. Wayang is the traditional shadow puppet theatre in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Wayang shadow-puppet ( Bali, early 20th century) Traditionally, a wayang is played out in a ritualized midnight-to-dawn show by a dalang, an artist and spiritual leader people watch the show from both sides of the screen. The dramatic stories depict mythologies, such as episodes from the Hindu epics the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, as well as local adaptations of cultural legends. Performances of shadow puppet theatre are accompanied by a gamelan orchestra in جاوة, and by gender wayang in Bali. Sometimes the leather puppet itself is referred to as wayang. Wayang refers to the entire dramatic show. The art form celebrates Indonesian culture and artistic talent its origins are traced to the spread of Hinduism in the medieval era and the arrival of leather-based puppet arts called thalubomalata from southern India. The traditional form of puppet theatre art found in إندونيسيا and other parts of Southeast Asia, wherein a dramatic story is told through shadows thrown by puppets and sometimes combined with human characters. عرض وياڠ في بالي، Indonesia, presenting a play from the Ramayana
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